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<title>Andean Community</title>

<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Andean Community</span></span>

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</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Andean Community</div><div class="ib-country-names"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Comunidad Andina</i></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;">

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<div>Flag</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Motto: </b><span title="Spanish-language text"><span lang="es" style="font-style: normal;">"Ésta es mi tierra, ésta es mi casa"</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(Spanish)</span><br>"This is my homeland, this is my home"</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Seat of Secretariat</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"> <a href="Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a>, <a href="Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest city</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"> <a href="Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a>, <a href="Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">

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</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a><sup>a</sup></li><li><a href="Quechua_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Quechua languages">Quechua</a></li><li><a href="Aymara_language" title="Aymara language">Aymara</a></li><li>and 34 other indigenous languages</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Trade_bloc" title="Trade bloc">Trade bloc</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Member states</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>4 full members</li><li>5 associates</li><li>4 observers</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Leaders</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <span class="nowrap">Secretary General</span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">Jorge Hernando Pedraza</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">

</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Establishment</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <span class="nowrap">as the Andean Pact</span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1969</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• as the CAN </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1996</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">

</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area</th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,781,914 km<sup>2</sup> (1,460,205 sq mi) (<a href="List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">7th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2010 estimate</div></th><td class="infobox-data">101,119,783<sup>b</sup> (<a href="List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">12th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">

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</style><span class="nobold">(<a href="Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2017 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">$902.86 billion<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> (<a href="List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">9th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$8,928.62</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <span class="nobold">(2017)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">0.781<br><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">

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</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:forestgreen">high</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="ib-country-website"><b>Website</b><br><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.comunidadandina.org/">http://www.comunidadandina.org/</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="ib-country-fn"><ol class="ib-country-fn-alpha">

<li value="1">Also the Community's <a href="Working_language" title="Working language">working language</a>.</li><li value="2">Combined member states' census estimates.</li>

</ol></div></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p>The <b>Andean Community</b> (<i><a href="Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Comunidad Andina</i> de Naciones</i>, CAN) is an international organization in South America. It consists of the member states <a href="Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>, <a href="Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>, <a href="Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> and <a href="Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> and aims at the economic, political and social integration of these states.

</p><p>CAN is also a free trade area with the objective of creating a <a href="Customs_union" title="Customs union">customs union</a> comprising the <a href="South_America" title="South America">South American</a> countries. The organization was called the <b>Andean Pact</b> (<i>Pacto Andino</i>) until 1996 and came into existence when the <b>Cartagena Agreement</b> was signed in 1969. Since the reform by the Trujillo Protocol of 1997 it called <i>Comunidad Andina de Naciones</i>. Its headquarters are in <a href="Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a>, <a href="Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>.

</p><p>The Andean Community has 113 million inhabitants over an area of approximately 3,800,000 km<sup>2</sup>. Its <a href="Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> has gone up to US$745.300 billion in 2005, including Venezuela, which was a member at the time. Its estimated <a href="Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a> of GDP for 2011 amounts to US$902.86 billion, excluding Venezuela.

</p><p>The supranational characteristics of CAN are the reason why the Andean Community is considered the most robust subregional organization in <a href="Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a> and the <a href="Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cartagena_Agreement_of_1969">Cartagena Agreement of 1969</h2></div>

<p>The Cartagena Agreement of 26 May 1969 is the legal basis of the Andean legal order, a supranational legal order modeled on <a href="Law_of_the_European_Union" title="Law of the European Union">European Community law</a>.

</p><p>Although characterized by greater intergovernmentalism, the Andean Community is clearly modeled on the European Union in its basic elements. The Community is empowered to adopt its own legal acts, which are directly applicable in the member states and can grant individual rights without the need for further ratification. Furthermore, Andean Community law takes precedence over national law. These supranational characteristics of the Community are the reason why the Andean Community is considered the most robust subregional organization in Latin America and the Caribbean.

</p><p>The Member States drafted a treaty establishing the Andean Court of Justice (AGHV), which in its legal effects is partly similar to an additional protocol to the AC.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<p>The original Andean Pact was founded in 1969 by <a href="Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>, <a href="Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>, <a href="Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>, <a href="Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a>, and <a href="Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>. In 1973 the pact gained its sixth member, Venezuela. In 1976 however, its membership was again reduced to five when Chile withdrew. Venezuela announced its withdrawal in 2006, reducing the Andean Community to four member states.

</p><p>With the new cooperation agreement with <a href="Mercosur" title="Mercosur">Mercosur</a>, the Andean Community gained four new associate members: <a href="Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, <a href="Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a>, and <a href="Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a>. These four Mercosur members were granted associate membership by the Andean Council of Foreign Ministers meeting in an enlarged session with the Commission (of the Andean Community) on 7 July 2005. This moves reciprocates the actions of Mercosur which granted associate membership to all the Andean Community nations by virtue of the Economic Complementarity Agreements (<a href="Free_trade_agreement" title="Free trade agreement">Free Trade agreements</a>) signed between the CAN and individual Mercosur members.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p><a href="Evgeny_Morozov" title="Evgeny Morozov">Evgeny Morozov</a> argues that the original Andean Pact was motivated in part by a pursuit of <a href="Technological_sovereignty" title="Technological sovereignty">technological sovereignty</a> and independence from partnerships with American technology companies.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chronology">Chronology</h2></div>

<ul><li>The groundwork for the Community was established in 1969 in the Cartagena Agreement, signed May 26th.<sup id="cite_ref-sy_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sy-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>In 1973, Venezuela joins the Andean Pact.<sup id="cite_ref-sy_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sy-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>In 1976, <a href="Augusto_Pinochet" title="Augusto Pinochet">Augusto Pinochet</a> withdrew <a href="Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> from the Andean Pact claiming economic incompatibilities.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>In 1979, the treaty creating the Court of Justice was signed, and the <a href="Andean_Parliament" title="Andean Parliament">Andean Parliament</a> which in principle was located in <a href="Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a>, increated and the Andean Council of Foreign Ministers were created.</li>

<li>In 1981 the <a href="Andean_Parliament" title="Andean Parliament">Andean Parliament</a> moves to <a href="Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Bogotá</a>.</li>

<li>In 1983, the treaty creating the Court of Justice entered into effect</li>

<li>In 1991, the presidents approved the <a href="Open_skies" class="mw-redirect" title="Open skies">open skies</a> policy and agree to intensify integration</li>

<li>In 1992, Peru temporarily suspended its obligations under the Liberalization Program</li>

<li>In 1993, the Free Trade Zone entered into full operation for Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela</li>

<li>In 1994, the Common External Tariff was approved</li>

<li>In 1996, the Cartagena Agreement Commission approved the regulatory context for the establishment, operation, and exploitation of the Simón Bolívar Satellite System</li>

<li>In March 1996, through the <a href="Trujillo%2C_Peru" title="Trujillo, Peru">Trujillo</a> Protocol, institutional reforms were introduced: The Andean Community was created and the Andean Integration System was established.</li>

<li>In 1997, an agreement was reached for Peru's gradual incorporation into the Andean Free Trade Zone</li>

<li>In 1998, the Framework Agreement for the creation of a Free Trade Area between the Andean Community and the <a href="Mercosur" title="Mercosur">Mercosur</a> was signed in <a href="Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a></li>

<li>In 2000, a meeting of the South American Presidents, at which the Andean Community Heads of State and Mercosur decide to launch negotiations for establishing a free trade area between the two blocs as rapidly as possible and by January 2002 at the latest</li>

<li>In August 2003, the Andean Community and Mercosur Foreign Ministers, during a meeting in <a href="Montevideo" title="Montevideo">Montevideo</a> at which the CAN delivered a working proposal containing guidelines for the negotiation, reaffirmed their governments' political determination to move ahead with the negotiation of a free trade agreement between the two blocs</li>

<li>In April 2006 President <a href="Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Hugo Chávez">Hugo Chávez</a> announced that <a href="Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> would withdraw from the Andean Community, claiming the FTA agreements signed by <a href="Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> and <a href="Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> with the United States caused irreparable damage to the community</li>

<li>On 23 March 2017, a Memorandum of Understanding was signed between the Andean Community and the <a href="Eurasian_Economic_Union" title="Eurasian Economic Union">Eurasian Economic Union</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>On 21 February 2020, disputed interim president of Venezuela <a href="Juan_Guaid%C3%B3" title="Juan Guaidó">Juan Guaidó</a> announced <a href="Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>'s reentry into CAN<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>The trade agreement between the European Union and the Andean countries of Colombia, Peru, and Ecuador entered into full force in 2024. The agreement covers the areas of services, intellectual property, and public procurement.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Membership">Membership</h2></div>

<ul><li>Current members:<sup id="cite_ref-members_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-members-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

<ul><li><span data-sort-value="Bolivia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a></span> (1969)</li>

<li><span data-sort-value="Colombia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></span> (1969)</li>

<li><span data-sort-value="Ecuador"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a></span> (1969)</li></ul></li>

<li>Associate members:<sup id="cite_ref-members_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-members-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

<ul><li><span data-sort-value="Argentina"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></span> (2005)</li>

<li><span data-sort-value="Brazil"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></span> (2005)</li>

<li><span data-sort-value="Paraguay"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a></span> (2005)</li>

<li><span data-sort-value="Uruguay"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a></span> (2005)</li>

<li><span data-sort-value="Chile"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></span> (2006)</li></ul></li>

<li>Observer countries:<sup id="cite_ref-members_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-members-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

<ul><li><span data-sort-value="Spain"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></span></li>

<li><span data-sort-value="Morocco"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></span></li>

<li><span data-sort-value="Turkey"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></span></li>

<li><span data-sort-value="Greece"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></span></li></ul></li>

<li>Former full members:

<ul><li><span data-sort-value="Venezuela"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></span> (1973–2006), joined <a href="Mercosur" title="Mercosur">Mercosur</a></li>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relationship_with_other_organizations">Relationship with other organizations</h2></div>

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<p>The Andean Community and <a href="Mercosur" title="Mercosur">Mercosur</a> comprise the two main trading blocs of South America. In 1999, these organizations began negotiating a merger with a view to creating a "<a href="South_American_Free_Trade_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="South American Free Trade Area">South American Free Trade Area</a>" (SAFTA). On 8 December 2004, the Andean Community (CAN) signed a cooperation agreement with Mercosur and they published a joint letter of intention for future negotiations towards integrating all of South America in a <a href="Union_of_South_American_Nations" title="Union of South American Nations">Union of South American Nations</a> (USAN), patterned after the <a href="European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>During 2005, Venezuela decided to join Mercosur. Venezuela's official position first appeared to be that, by joining Mercosur, further steps could be taken towards integrating both trade blocs. CAN Secretary General <a href="Allan_Wagner" class="mw-redirect" title="Allan Wagner">Allan Wagner</a> stated that the Venezuelan Foreign Minister <a href="Al%C3%AD_Rodr%C3%ADguez" class="mw-redirect" title="Alí Rodríguez">Alí Rodríguez</a> had declared that Venezuela did not intend to leave the CAN, and its simultaneous membership to both blocs marked the beginning of their integration.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>However some analysts interpreted that Venezuela might eventually leave the CAN in the process.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As Colombia and Peru signed free trade agreements with the United States, in protest the Venezuelan President <a href="Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Hugo Chávez">Hugo Chávez</a> indeed announced in April 2006 his country's withdrawal from the CAN, stating that the Community is "dead".<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Officials in Colombia and Peru expressed their disagreement with this view, as did representatives from Venezuela's industrial sector (Conindustria).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In spite of this announcement, Venezuela still had not formally completed all the necessary withdrawal procedures. According to Venezuela's Commerce Minister <a href="Mar%C3%ADa_Cristina_Iglesias" title="María Cristina Iglesias">María Cristina Iglesias</a>, the entire process was going to take up five years. Until then, Venezuela and its partners would remain bound by the effects of the community's preexisting commercial agreements.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<p>During a visit to Colombia in August 2007, President Hugo Chávez was asked by the presidents of Ecuador and Bolivia to rejoin the Andean Community, and he responded that he would agree. Meanwhile, at that time the Mercosur's relations with Venezuela were weakening as Mercosur was not agreeing with some of the Hugo Chávez's proposals.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Eventually Venezuela achieved the full membership of the Mercosur in 2012, making the Mercosur bigger in number of members than the CAN for the first time.

</p><p>In addition to CAN, Bolivia is also a member of the <a href="WTO" class="mw-redirect" title="WTO">WTO</a>, <a href="UNASUR" class="mw-redirect" title="UNASUR">UNASUR</a>, and <a href="ALBA" title="ALBA">ALBA</a>. Its attitude is considered crucial to relations between UNASUR and ALBA specifically, says Marion Hörmann, since Bolivia is traditionally seen as a mediator between the Andean countries and the rest of South America.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Furthermore, on 7 December 2012, the Bolivian nation was accepted by the Mercosur countries to start the incorporation protocols to achieve the Mercosur full membership in a matter of 4 years,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> receiving the proclamation of an <i>accessing member</i>, and further consolidating itself as a strategic geopolitical nation.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2></div>

<ul><li>Andean Presidential Council</li>

<li>Andean Foreign Relations Ministers Council (<a href="Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a>, <a href="Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>)</li>

<li>Commission (<a href="Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a>, <a href="Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>)</li>

<li>Headquarters (<a href="Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a>, <a href="Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>)</li>

<li>Andean Court of Justice (<a href="Quito" title="Quito">Quito</a>, <a href="Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Andean_Parliament" title="Andean Parliament">Andean Parliament</a> (<a href="Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Bogotá</a>, <a href="Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>)</li>

<li>Latin American Reserve Fund (<a href="Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Bogotá</a>, <a href="Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> and <a href="Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a>, <a href="Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>)</li>

<li>Simón Bolívar Andean University (<a href="Sucre" title="Sucre">Sucre</a>, <a href="Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a> and <a href="Quito" title="Quito">Quito</a>, <a href="Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a>)</li>

<li>Andean Health Organization (<a href="Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a>, <a href="Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>)</li>

<li><a href="CAF_%E2%80%93_Development_Bank_of_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="CAF – Development Bank of Latin America and the Caribbean">CAF – Development Bank of Latin America and the Caribbean</a> (<a href="Caracas" title="Caracas">Caracas</a>, <a href="Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>)</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Secretaries-General">Secretaries-General</h2></div>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Secretary-General_of_the_Andean_Community" title="Secretary-General of the Andean Community">Secretary-General of the Andean Community</a></div>

<ul><li>Sebastián Alegrett (<a href="Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>) 1997–2002</li>

<li><a href="Guillermo_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_Soto" title="Guillermo Fernández de Soto">Guillermo Fernández de Soto</a> (<a href="Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>) 2002–2004</li>

<li><a href="Edward_Allan_Wagner_Tiz%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Allan Wagner Tizón">Edward Allan Wagner Tizón</a> (<a href="Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>) 2004–2006</li>

<li><a href="Alfredo_Fuentes_Hern%C3%A1ndez" title="Alfredo Fuentes Hernández">Alfredo Fuentes Hernández</a> (<a href="Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>), interim 2006–2007</li>

<li><a href="Freddy_Ehlers" title="Freddy Ehlers">Freddy Ehlers</a> (<a href="Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a>), 2007<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>–2010<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>Adalid Contreras Baspineiro (<a href="Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>), interim 2010–2011, 2011–2013<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>Pablo Guzmán Laugier (<a href="Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>), 2013–2016 <sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>Walker San Miguel (<a href="Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>), 2016–present <sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Free_flow_of_people">Free flow of people</h2></div>

<p>Since 1 January 2005, the citizens of the member countries can enter the other Andean Community member states without the requirement of a visa. Travellers should present the authorities their national ID cards.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Visitors to Venezuela will have to present their passports; they will then receive the Andean Migration Card (<i>Tarjeta Andina de Migración</i>), in which the time of temporary residence in the country is stated.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Andean_passport">Andean passport</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Andean_passport" title="Andean passport">Andean passport</a></div>

<p>The <a href="Andean_passport" title="Andean passport">Andean passport</a> was created in June 2001 pursuant to <i>Decisión 504</i>. This stipulates the issuing of a <a href="Passport" title="Passport">passport</a> based on a standard model which contains harmonised features of nomenclature and security. The passport is effective in Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela and Bolivia (Bolivia since early 2006).

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literature">Literature</h2></div>

<ul><li>Sánchez, M.J., 2025. Andean Community (CAN). In <i>The Economics of Regional Integration</i> (pp. 223-248). Routledge.</li></ul>

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<ul><li><a href="Central_American_Common_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="Central American Common Market">Central American Common Market</a></li>

<li><a href="Community_of_Latin_American_and_Caribbean_States" title="Community of Latin American and Caribbean States">Community of Latin American and Caribbean States</a></li>

<li><a href="Free_Trade_Area_of_the_Americas" title="Free Trade Area of the Americas">Free Trade Area of the Americas</a></li>

<li><a href="Federation_of_the_Andes" title="Federation of the Andes">Federation of the Andes</a></li>

<li><a href="Union_of_South_American_Nations" title="Union of South American Nations">Union of South American Nations</a></li>

<li><a href="Rules_of_Origin" class="mw-redirect" title="Rules of Origin">Rules of Origin</a></li>

<li><a href="Market_access" title="Market access">Market access</a></li>

<li><a href="Free-trade_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Free-trade area">Free-trade area</a></li>

<li><a href="Tariffs" class="mw-redirect" title="Tariffs">Tariffs</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2008&ey=2011&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=32&pr1.y=4&c=248&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=">"Ecuador"</a>. International Monetary Fund. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110504023146/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2008&ey=2011&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=32&pr1.y=4&c=248&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=">Archived</a> from the original on 4 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMorozov2023" class="citation web cs1">Morozov, Evgeny (9 September 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newstatesman.com/the-weekend-essay/2023/09/salvador-allende-fight-big-tech">"The lessons of Chile's struggle against Big Tech"</a>. <i><a href="New_Statesman" title="New Statesman">New Statesman</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2025</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jacobin.com/2023/12/evgeny-morozov-interview-technology-sovereignty-global-south-development-cybersyn">"Evgeny Morozov: We Need a Nonmarket Modernist Project"</a>. <i><a href="Jacobin_(magazine)" title="Jacobin (magazine)">Jacobin</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2025</span>. <q>...past efforts at such cooperation that had technological sovereignty as their goal, the Andean Pact being the foremost example. Signed by five nations in Peru, this pact's main objective was to overcome external trade barriers and promote regional cooperation to foster industrialization and economic development. <a href="Orlando_Letelier" title="Orlando Letelier">Orlando Letelier</a>, Chile's foreign minister under Allende, led the negotiations, highlighting the need to address the exploitation derived from technological property and dependence on foreign companies. Letelier proposed the creation of something like a technological equivalent of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the Andean Pact, to facilitate developing countries' access to technological advances and patents.</q></cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-sy-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sy_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sy_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFTurner2009" class="citation cs2">Turner, Barry (2009), Turner, Barry (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-349-58632-5_76">"Andean Community"</a>, <i>The Statesman’s Yearbook 2010: The Politics, Cultures and Economies of the World</i>, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. <span class="nowrap">61–</span>61, <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-1-349-58632-5_76">10.1007/978-1-349-58632-5_76</a>, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-349-58632-5</bdi><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2025</span>, <q>On 26 May 1969 an agreement was signed by Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru establishing the Cartagena Agreement (also referred to as the Andean Pact or the Andean Group). Chile withdrew from the Group in 1976. Venezuela, which was actively involved, did not sign the agreement until 1973. In 1997 Peru announced its withdrawal for five years. In 2006 Venezuela left as a result of Colombia and Peru signing bilateral trade agreements with the USA.</q></cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFde_Onis1976" class="citation news cs1">de Onis, Juan (7 October 1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1976/10/07/archives/chile-is-pulling-out-of-andean-pact.html">"Chile Is Pulling Out of Andean Pact"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2025</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurasiancommission.org/en/nae/news/Pages/30-03-2017-4.aspx">"The EEC and the Andean Community General Secretariat signed a Memorandum of Understanding"</a>. <i>eurasiancommission.org</i>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lapatilla.com/2020/02/21/comunidad-andina-de-naciones/">"Guaidó anunció el reingreso de Venezuela a la Comunidad Andina de Naciones (Comunicado)"</a>. <i><a href="La_Patilla" title="La Patilla">La Patilla</a></i> (in European Spanish). 21 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hza-seminare.de/zoll-news/700/zoll-handelsabkommen-eu-andengemeinschaft-in-kraft">"Zoll: Handelsabkommen EU-Andengemeinschaft in Kraft - Zoll-News"</a>. <i>www.hza-seminare.de</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2025</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-members-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-members_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-members_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-members_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130724092338/http://www.comunidadandina.org/Quienes.aspx">"SOMOS COMUNIDAD ANDINA"</a>. Andean Community of Nations. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comunidadandina.org/Quienes.aspx">the original</a> on 24 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In the framework of the <a href="Union_of_South_American_Nations" title="Union of South American Nations">Union of South American Nations</a> and/or <a href="Mercosur" title="Mercosur">Mercosur</a>-CAN cooperation agreements</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mapexpress.ma/actualite/activite-gouvernementale/maroc-obtient-statut-membre-observateur-au-sein-communaute-andine-nations/">"Le Maroc obtient le statut de membre observateur au sein de la Communauté andine des Nations"</a>. <i>MAP Express</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aa.com.tr/en/turkiye/turkiye-welcomes-observer-status-in-andean-community/2676613">"Türkiye welcomes observer status in Andean Community"</a>. <i>Anadolu Agency</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mfa.gr/en/current-affairs/statements-speeches/announcement-by-the-ministry-of-foreign-affairs-regarding-the-acceptance-of-greeces-request-for-observer-status-in-the-andean-community-of-nations-can-17062023.html">"Announcement by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs regarding the acceptance of Greece's request for observer status in the Andean Community of Nations (CAN) (17.06.2023)"</a>. <i><a href="Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Greece)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Greece)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Greece)</a></i>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231208150156/http://www.sice.oas.org/tpd/AND_MER/AND_MER_e.asp">"Andean Community-MERCOSUR"</a>. <i>SICE Foreign Trade Information System</i>. The General Secretariat of the Organization of American States. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sice.oas.org/tpd/AND_MER/AND_MER_e.asp">the original</a> on 8 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080311041215/https://www.eluniversal.com/2005/12/08/msur_ava_08A642103.shtml">"Secretario general de la CAN: Es positivo el ingreso de Venezuela al Mercosur"</a> (in Spanish). The General Secretariat of the Organization of American States. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eluniversal.com/2005/12/08/msur_ava_08A642103.shtml">the original</a> on 11 March 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2005</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPrada2005" class="citation news cs1">Prada, Paulo (8 December 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/08/business/worldbusiness/08trade.html">"South American Trade Bloc Moves to Admit Venezuela"</a>. <i><a href="The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130119193033/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/08/business/worldbusiness/08trade.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=10000086&sid=akFZvMSnew8s">"Venezuela to Withdraw From Andean Free Trade Group"</a>. Latin America. <i><a href="Bloomberg.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloomberg.com">Bloomberg.com</a></i>. 19 April 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eluniversal.com/2006/04/20/eco_ava_20A695825.shtml">"Conindustria: "Inevitable" y negativa salida de Venezuela de la CAN"</a> (in Spanish). Eluniversal.com. 20 April 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eluniversal.com/2006/04/22/eco_ava_22A697119.shtml">"Secretario general de la CAN espera que convoquen cita sobre Venezuela"</a> (in Spanish). Eluniversal.com. 22 April 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/CMS-3702910">"Vocero de las Farc se reunirá en Venezuela con Hugo Chávez para hablar sobre acuerdo humanitario"</a>. Eltiempo.com. 31 August 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marion Hörmann, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inwent.org/ez/articles/168821/index.en.shtml">Key Role for Bolivia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927084954/http://www.inwent.org/ez/articles/168821/index.en.shtml">Archived</a> 2011-09-27 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>" D+C Development and Cooperation, German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2010/03, 103–105.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.mercopress.com/2012/12/08/bolivia-signs-mercosur-incorporation-protocol-and-becomes-sixth-member">"Bolivia signs Mercosur incorporation protocol and becomes sixth member"</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andean Community of Nations, 18 Jan 2007, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comunidadandina.org/ingles/press/press/np18-1-07.htm">Ecuadorian Freddy Ehlers is elected CAN Secretary General</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130729224104/http://www.comunidadandina.org/ingles/press/press/np18-1-07.htm">Archived</a> 2013-07-29 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andean Community of Nations, 20 Apr 2010, <span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comunidadandina.org/prensa/notas/np20-4-10.htm">Freddy Ehlers renuncia a la Secretaría General de la CAN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100425064230/http://www.comunidadandina.org/prensa/notas/np20-4-10.htm">Archived</a> 25 April 2010 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> Andean Community of Nations, 19 Feb 2013, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comunidadandina.org/Prensa.aspx?id=3347&accion=detalle&cat=NP">Boliviano Adalid Contreras concluye su gestión como Secretario General de la CAN con un llamado a fortalecer la integración</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150218002830/http://www.comunidadandina.org/Prensa.aspx?id=3347&accion=detalle&cat=NP">Archived</a> 18 February 2015 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> Andean Community of Nations, 15 Jun 2013,<cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150218001723/http://www.comunidadandina.org/Prensa.aspx?id=3430&accion=detalle&cat=AF&title=boliviano-pablo-guzman-es-elegido-como-secretario-general-de-la-can">"Boliviano Pablo Guzmán es elegido como Secretario General de la CAN|ARCHIVO FOTOGRAFICO | Prensa | Portal de la Comunidad Andina"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comunidadandina.org/Prensa.aspx?id%3D3430%26accion%3Ddetalle%26cat%3DAF%26title%3Dboliviano-pablo-guzman-es-elegido-como-secretario-general-de-la-can">the original</a> on 18 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> Andean Community of Nations, 11 Jan 2016,<cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160322052610/http://www.comunidadandina.org/Prensa.aspx?id=3652&accion=detalle&cat=NP&title=walker-san-miguel-es-">"Walker San Miguel es elegido como Secretario General de la Comunidad Andina|NOTAS DE PRENSA | Prensa | Portal de la Comunidad Andina"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comunidadandina.org/Prensa.aspx?id%3D3652%26accion%3Ddetalle%26cat%3DNP%26title%3Dwalker-san-miguel-es-">the original</a> on 22 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSchacknies2021" class="citation web cs1">Schacknies, Carly (17 May 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eiglaw.com/andean-community-approves-reciprocal-movement-and-residence-rights/">"Andean Community Approves Reciprocal Movement and Residence Rights"</a>. <i>Erickson Immigration Group</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Andean_Community" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Andean Community">Andean Community</a></span>.</div></div>

</div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comunidadandina.org/">Official <b>Andean Community</b> website</a>—<span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/4079505.stm">BBC.uk: "South America launches trading bloc" </a>—<span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></li></ul>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Andean_Community_of_Nations64" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Andean_Community_of_Nations64" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Andean_Community_of_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Andean Community of Nations">Andean Community of Nations</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li>

<li><a href="Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></li>

<li><a href="Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associate members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></li>

<li><a href="Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></li>

<li><a href="Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></li>

<li><a href="Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li>

<li><a href="Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li>

<li><a href="Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></li>

<li><a href="Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Union_of_South_American_Nations92" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Union_of_South_American_Nations92" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Union_of_South_American_Nations" title="Union of South American Nations">Union of South American Nations</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Member_states_of_Mercosur" title="Member states of Mercosur">Members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Full members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li>

<li><a href="Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a></li>

<li><a href="Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a></li>

<li><a href="Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Suspended members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></li>

<li><a href="Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></li>

<li><a href="Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></li>

<li><a href="Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></li>

<li><a href="Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li>

<li><a href="Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li>

<li><a href="Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Summits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li>2009 Ecuador</li>

<li>2009 Argentina</li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cusco_Declaration" title="Cusco Declaration">Cusco Declaration</a></li>

<li><a href="UNASUR_Constitutive_Treaty" title="UNASUR Constitutive Treaty">Constitutive Treaty</a></li>

<li><a href="President_pro_tempore_of_the_Union_of_South_American_Nations" title="President pro tempore of the Union of South American Nations">President Pro Tempore</a></li>

<li><a href="Secretary_General_of_the_Union_of_South_American_Nations" title="Secretary General of the Union of South American Nations">Secretary General</a></li>

<li><a href="Bank_of_the_South" title="Bank of the South">Bank of the South</a></li>

<li><a href="South_American_Parliament" title="South American Parliament">South American Parliament</a></li>

<li><a href="Initiative_for_the_Integration_of_the_Regional_Infrastructure_of_South_America" title="Initiative for the Integration of the Regional Infrastructure of South America">Initiative for Infrastructure Integration of South America</a></li>

<li><a href="Council_of_South_American_Defense" title="Council of South American Defense">Council of South American Defense</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Mercosur" title="Mercosur">Mercosur</a></li>

<li><a href="Andean_Community_of_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Andean Community of Nations">Andean Community</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pan-Americanism85" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Pan-Americanism85" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Pan-Americanism" title="Pan-Americanism">Pan-Americanism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Spanish_American_wars_of_independence" title="Spanish American wars of independence">Spanish American wars of independence</a></li>

<li><a href="Decolonization_of_the_Americas" title="Decolonization of the Americas">Decolonization of the Americas</a></li>

<li><a href="Latin_American_integration" title="Latin American integration">Latin American integration</a></li>

<li><a href="North_American_integration" title="North American integration">North American integration</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Patria_Grande" title="Patria Grande">Patria Grande</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar" title="Simón Bolívar">Simón Bolívar</a></li>

<li><a href="Jos%C3%A9_de_San_Mart%C3%ADn" title="José de San Martín">José de San Martín</a></li>

<li><a href="Lucas_Alam%C3%A1n" title="Lucas Alamán">Lucas Alamán</a></li>

<li><a href="Inter-American_Commission_of_Women" title="Inter-American Commission of Women">Inter-American Commission of Women</a></li>

<li><a href="United_States_involvement_in_regime_change_in_Latin_America" title="United States involvement in regime change in Latin America">United States involvement in regime change in Latin America</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Amazon_Cooperation_Treaty_Organization" title="Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization">Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization (ACTO)</a></li>

<li><a href="Association_of_Caribbean_States" title="Association of Caribbean States">Association of Caribbean States (ACS)</a></li>

<li><a href="ALBA" title="ALBA">Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas (ALBA)</a></li>

<li><a href="Caribbean_Community" title="Caribbean Community">Caribbean Community (CARICOM)</a></li>

<li><a href="Central_American_Integration_System" title="Central American Integration System">Central American Integration System (SICA)</a></li>

<li><a href="Community_of_Latin_American_and_Caribbean_States" title="Community of Latin American and Caribbean States">Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC)</a></li>

<li><a href="Contadora_group" title="Contadora group">Contadora group</a></li>

<li><a href="Contadora_support_group" title="Contadora support group">Contadora support group</a></li>

<li><a href="Forum_for_the_Progress_and_Integration_of_South_America" title="Forum for the Progress and Integration of South America">Forum for the Progress and Integration of South America (PROSUR)</a></li>

<li><a href="Latin_American_Economic_System" title="Latin American Economic System">Latin American Economic System (SELA)</a></li>

<li><a href="Latin_American_Integration_Association" title="Latin American Integration Association">Latin American Integration Association (ALADI)</a></li>

<li><a href="Lima_Group" title="Lima Group">Lima Group (LG)</a></li>

<li><a href="Mercosur" title="Mercosur">Mercosur</a></li>

<li><a href="Organization_of_American_States" title="Organization of American States">Organization of American States (OAS)</a></li>

<li><a href="Organisation_of_Eastern_Caribbean_States" title="Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States">Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)</a></li>

<li><a href="Organization_of_Ibero-American_States" title="Organization of Ibero-American States">Organization of Ibero-American States (OEI)</a></li>

<li><a href="Pacific_Alliance" title="Pacific Alliance">Pacific Alliance</a></li>

<li><a href="Petrocaribe" title="Petrocaribe">Petrocaribe</a></li>

<li><a href="Rio_Group" title="Rio Group">Rio Group</a></li>

<li><a href="Union_of_South_American_Nations" title="Union of South American Nations">Union of South American Nations (UNASUR)</a></li>

<li><a href="United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean">United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC, CEPAL)</a></li>

<li><a href="United_States_Pirate_Party" title="United States Pirate Party">United States Pirate Party (USPP)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Projects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Andean_passport" title="Andean passport">Andean passport</a></li>

<li><a href="CARICOM_passport" title="CARICOM passport">CARICOM passport</a></li>

<li><a href="CARICOM_Single_Market_and_Economy" title="CARICOM Single Market and Economy">CARICOM Single Market and Economy</a></li>

<li><a href="CARIPASS" title="CARIPASS">CARIPASS</a></li>

<li><a href="Central_America-4_Border_Control_Agreement" title="Central America-4 Border Control Agreement">Central America-4 Border Control Agreement</a></li>

<li><a href="Central_America-4_passport" title="Central America-4 passport">Central America-4 passport</a></li>

<li><a href="Eastern_Caribbean_Currency_Union" title="Eastern Caribbean Currency Union">Eastern Caribbean Currency Union</a></li>

<li><a href="Initiative_for_the_Integration_of_the_Regional_Infrastructure_of_South_America" title="Initiative for the Integration of the Regional Infrastructure of South America">Initiative for the Integration of the Regional Infrastructure of South America (IIRSA)</a></li>

<li><a href="Interoceanic_Highway" title="Interoceanic Highway">Interoceanic Highway</a></li>

<li><a href="SUCRE" title="SUCRE">SUCRE</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Andean_Parliament" title="Andean Parliament">Andean Parliament</a></li>

<li><a href="Bank_of_the_South" title="Bank of the South">Bank of the South</a></li>

<li><a href="Caribbean_Court_of_Justice" title="Caribbean Court of Justice">Caribbean Court of Justice</a></li>

<li><a href="Caribbean_Development_Bank" title="Caribbean Development Bank">Caribbean Development Bank</a></li>

<li><a href="Central_American_Parliament" title="Central American Parliament">Central American Parliament</a></li>

<li><a href="CAF_%E2%80%93_Development_Bank_of_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="CAF – Development Bank of Latin America and the Caribbean">Development Bank of Latin America and the Caribbean (CAF)</a></li>

<li><a href="Inter-American_Development_Bank" title="Inter-American Development Bank">Inter-American Development Bank</a></li>

<li><a href="Latin_American_Parliament" title="Latin American Parliament">Latin American Parliament</a></li>

<li><a href="Mercosur_Parliament" title="Mercosur Parliament">Mercosur Parliament</a></li>

<li><a href="South_American_Parliament" title="South American Parliament">South American Parliament</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Free_trade_area" title="Free trade area">Free trade areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Caribbean_Free_Trade_Association" title="Caribbean Free Trade Association">Caribbean Free Trade Association (CARIFTA)</a></li>

<li><a href="CARIFORUM" title="CARIFORUM">CARIFORUM</a></li>

<li><a href="Dominican_Republic%E2%80%93Central_America_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="Dominican Republic–Central America Free Trade Agreement">Dominican Republic–Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR)</a></li>

<li><a href="Economic_Partnership_Agreements" title="Economic Partnership Agreements">Economic Partnership Agreements</a></li>

<li><a href="Free_Trade_Area_of_the_Americas" title="Free Trade Area of the Americas">Free Trade Area of the Americas</a></li>

<li><a href="G3_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="G3 Free Trade Agreement">G3 Free Trade Agreement</a></li>

<li><a href="United_States%E2%80%93Mexico%E2%80%93Canada_Agreement" title="United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement">United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Pan_American_Games" title="Pan American Games">Pan American Games</a></li>

<li><a href="Pan-Americanism#Congresses_and_conferences" title="Pan-Americanism">Pan-American Congress</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471690#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3136" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471690#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3136" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Authority control databases </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000123696256">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/155344898">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/316751415">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Comunidad Andina"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.worldcat.org/fast/741322">FAST</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Grupo Andino (International agency)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.worldcat.org/fast/587530">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/10046354-X">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Comunidad Andina"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr98033107">United States</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Grupo Andino (International agency)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82257168">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15073687k">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15073687k">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Comunidad Andina"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20100315021&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Grupo Andino"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2010557426&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX221002">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/rp36dll934gsspp">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810589098905606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007605286205171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Grupo Andino (Organisme internacional)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058513582406706">Catalonia</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/121727386">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/group/f4cd7d0a-87b3-43f8-bb70-87186f24517d">Yale LUX</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

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</style><span class=" nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="geo:-12.033333333333333,-77.01666666666667"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">12°2′S</span> <span class="longitude">77°1′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">12.033°S 77.017°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-12.033; -77.017</span></span></span></a></span></span>

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This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-07-25" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Andean_Community&oldid=1302496910">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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